Insurance (insurance business) in a broad sense including various types of insurance activities (actually insurance, or primary insurance, reinsurance, co-insurance), which together provide insurance protection. Insurance in the narrow sense is the relationship (between the insured and the insurer) to protect the property interests of individuals and legal entities (insurers) upon the occurrence of certain events (insurance claims) at the expense of funds (hedge funds) generated from insurance premiums paid by them (the insurance premium ). The relationship between the insurer and the insured, determining exactly how the insurance fund will be formed and how it will be spent, are a method of creating insurance products. In the process of historical development was worked out three methods of creating insurance products - self-insurance, mutual insurance, commercial insurance. Loan or credit relations social relations that arise between the subjects of economic relations on the movement of value. Credit relations can be expressed in different forms of credit (trade credit, bank credit, etc.), loan, leasing, factoring, etc. The emergence of credit as a special form of value relations occurs when the value, the released one economic entity, how-while not entering into a new reproductive cycle. Thanks to the credit of it goes on the subject that does not use it (the lender) to another entity, to feel the need for additional funds (the borrower). Business PlanningBusiness
plan - a plan, a program of business operations, operations of the
company, containing information about the company, product, its
production, markets, marketing, operations, organization and efficiency.
Business
plan - a brief, accurate, accessible and understandable description of
the proposed business, the most important tool when considering the
large number of different situations, allowing you to select the most
promising desired results and to identify the means to achieve it. A
business plan is a document that allows to manage the business, so it
can be represented as an integral part of strategic planning and as a
guide for implementation and monitoring. It is important to consider the business plan as the process of planning and management tool in-house. Business plan - a software product produced in the course of business planning. Sometimes a business plan to identify tehpromfinplanom, which was the main planning document of the enterprise. Business
planning - the definition of goals and how to achieve them through any
planned and developed programs of action in the implementation can be
adjusted in accordance with the changed circumstances. Finance ordered to pay in
the Russian scientific and educational literature are defined as a set
of economic relations arising in the process of formation, distribution
and use of centralized and decentralized funds of funds [. Usually it is on the trust funds of the state or businesses (enterprises). The most important concept in the field of finance is the budget. In
the western scientific and educational literature of common definitions
of finance do not usually give, finance interpreted quite broadly. Usually concretized - these are public, corporate or personal finances. Under
the public finances to understand the process and the mechanism of
formation and use of public resources, the balance of income and
expenses, and related methods of control. Under the corporate finance mean by "proper money management" or "the art and science of managing money." Thus,
the terms "financial management", "finance management", "corporate
finance" and "Business Finance" is almost equivalent and
interchangeable. Under
the theory of finance refers to the theory of arbitration pricing,
capital structure, portfolio theory, the theory of pricing financial
assets, options and other theories based G.Markovitsem, U.Sharpom,
R.Mertonom, F.Modilyani, M. Miller, Dzh.Tobinom, A . Blake and others term "finance" is also called the science of economics that studies the appropriate scope of relations. The word finance is often used in everyday life to mean money. The term financing is supply (support) in cash. Real estate - property type recognized in law real. For real estate in origin include land, subsoil, and all that is firmly connected to the land, that is, objects that moved without disproportionate damage to their purpose, including buildings, structures, facilities under construction. In addition to real estate by descent, in Russia there is a "real estate according to the law." Applies to it are subject to state registration of aircraft and sea vessels, inland vessels, space objects. In the Anglo-Saxon legal system, the property is divided into the «real-estate» - real estate as material objects (buildings, land, etc.), and on the «real-property» - property rights to real estate. Real estate can be leased. Secured by real estate, as well as a loan secured by real estate is called a mortgage. Exchange
(niderl. beurs, it. Börse, fr. Bourse, Ital. Bórsa, vers. Bolsa, Eng.
Exchange) - the legal entity responsible for the regular functioning of
the organized market of commodities, currencies, securities and
derivative financial instruments. Trade is conducted standard contracts or lots (lots), the size of which regulations govern the exchange. Formerly
known as the exchange place or building where the going part time sales
people and brokers, stock brokers for transactions in the securities or
commodities. Before the era of computerization of transactions sides agreed orally. Now most of the trades are held in electronic form, using specialized programs. Brokers
in their own interests or the interests of clients are portrayed in
trading systems application for the purchase or sale of a security
(currency, goods). These requests can be accommodated counter claims of other traders. Exchange
keeps track of executed transactions, implements, organizes and
guarantees payments (clearing), provides a mechanism for the interaction
of "delivery versus payment". Usually
the exchange receives a commission fee for each prisoner deal with
them, and this is the main source of income of the exchange. Other sources may be membership fees, fees for access to trading, sales of market data.
